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A hard question

Who gets to decide what is permitted?

Restrictions on powerful technology need public legitimacy, independent scrutiny, and enforceable limits on the people administering them.

2 min readArgument & objectionUpdated 23 September 2026

The strongest objection

A could give governments or established companies enormous power over research, speech, and economic opportunity. Officials could invoke safety to protect incumbents, suppress competitors, or expand surveillance. A prevention regime that removes public agency would contradict its own stated purpose.

Make authority accountable

W360's proposal requires decisions through legitimate public institutions, informed by independent technical expertise and open challenge. Developers should contribute knowledge without becoming the sole judges of their own products. Affected communities, workers, researchers, and civil liberties organizations need meaningful participation.

Rules should state their objectives and boundaries in terms people can inspect. Enforcement decisions need reasons, appeal routes, and independent review. Exemptions require scrutiny, especially when they benefit national security institutions or large companies. International coordination should not become a way to remove decisions from democratic accountability.

There is no institution immune to capture or abuse. The practical response is to distribute oversight, require transparency where it is safe, protect dissent, and make ineffective or excessive measures reversible. A regulator should have to justify its own powers as well as challenge the capabilities it regulates.

The hinge of disagreement

Can a prevention regime constrain dangerous capabilities while remaining meaningfully constrained itself? W360's case depends on that condition. Unrestricted private development also allocates power, often without broad public consent. The task is to build an accountable decision process that protects people's authority over both technological development and its regulation.

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